Method of producing spines on elements



Oct 29. 1940- A; F. HOESEL 2,220,050-

METHOD OF PRODUCING SPINES ON ELEMENTS Filed July 20, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 f y w Oct. 29, 1940. HOESEL 2,220,050

METHOD OF RRODUCINCT *SEINES 0N ELENENT$ Filed July 20, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 0 J6 l v) 5 55 57 d I I I mmwNwm Oct. 29, 1940. A. F. H-OESEL 2,220,050

METHOD OF PRODUCING SPINES 0N ELEMENTS Filed July 20, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 0 t.29, 194o. NRHOESEL 2,220,050

METHOD OF PRODUCINGSPINES ON ELEMENTS Filed July 20, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Qct. 29,

UN D-- TA E Mormon or PRODUCING SPIRES N ELE- MENTS Anthony F. 'Hoesel, Chicago, Ill., assignor to Thermek- Corporation, Chic Delaware ago, 111., a corporation of Application July 20, 1938, Serial N... 220,214 g 15 Claims. (01. 29-1513) The invention relates to a method of raising integral spines from stock in a wall. A desideratum in heat exchange elements has been to provide a wall or tube with a multiplicity of integral spines which have a high ratio of ex-' posed surface to the mass therein for high efiiciency in heat transfer, as exemplified in the application of Richard W. Kritzer Serial No. 172,176, filed. November 1, 1937.

One object of the invention isto-provide amethod by which imperforate walls may be ,provided-with integral spines projecting therefrom expeditiously and economically. Another object of the invention is to provide ahigh speed method for making heat transfer. elements by which the. spines are gouged out of an imperforate wall by continuously moving or rotating cutters.

Another object is to provide a high speed method for making heat transfer elements in which the spines are consecutively cut from the wall by rotating cutters and bent by the cutters to project from the wall..

' Another object is to provide a high speed method by which slivers are cut from the periphery of a pipe in circumferential succession.

Another object is to provide a high speed method by which slivers are cut from the periphery of a pipe in circumferential succession and progressively lengthwise-0f the pipe.

Other objects ofv the invention will appear from the detailed description.

The invention consists in the several novel features which are hereinafter set forth and are more particularly defined by claims at the con clusion hereof.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a machine used in carrying out the method.

Fig. 2 is aside elevation.

Fig. 3 is a section taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Fig; 4 is a section'on line 4-4 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a section on line 5-5 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a section on line 6-6 of Fig. 4.

45 'Fig. '7 is a section on line 1-1 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 8 is an end elevation. of the rotatable cutter head and the carrier on which the cutter head is mounted.

Fig. 9 is a perspective, Fig. 1.0 a plan, and Fig. 11 a transverse section illustrating a rotary cutter at the commencement of a cut in gouging a sliver from the tube. Fig. 12 is a perspective, Fig. 13 a plan, and

Fig. 14 a transverse section, illustrating diagrammatically one of the cutters after the greater portion of a sliver has been 'gouged or cut from the pipe. I

Fig. 15 is a perspective, Fig. 16 a plan, and Fig. 17 a section illustrating diagrammatically a cutter after the sliver has been completed and bent to clear the path of the cutter. f

Fig. 18 is a longitudinal section through a pipe illustratingdiagrammatically the successive cuts made in the stock of the 'wall in raising the spines.

Fig. 19 is a transverse section on an enlarged scale ofthe pipe illustrating the successive cuts made in the pipe wall in raising the spines.

Fig. 20 is a perspective of a short section of a heat transfer element produced by the method of the invention.

The method is exemplified in connection with the raising of spines from the stock in the outer face of a tube or pipe 3|. The wall-thick-. ness of the pipe is sufficient to provide the stock for the spines and to leave the remaining portionof the wall imperforate for serving as a conduit. The spines are formed of slivers gouged in circumferential succession and longitudinal progression by longitudinalcuts from the wall of the pipe by a gang of rapidly rotating cutters to provide a multiplicity of spines of a high ratio of exposed surface to the mass therein for highly efficient heat transfer. In this method of raising the spines, each cutter penetrates the stock to cut a point; continues the .cut to the length of the spine desired and bends the sliver out of the path of the-rotating cutter so that the spine will extend away from the wall for thermal conduction. The cutters are continuously'rotated around the pipe to produce slivers in circumferential succession and the pipe is; moved longitudinally so the cuts will progress lengthwise-of the tube.

' The machine illustrated exemplifies one which 40 may be used for carrying out the invention. This machine comprises a cutter-head 40 fixed to rotate with a shaft 4| (Fig. 4); a rotatable v carrier 42 'in which shaft 4| is, eccentrically mounted so as to move said. shaft bodily in a circular path and to operate the cutters in a planetary path around the pipe 3| for the purpose of moving the cutters successively into position to gouge slivers in circumferential succession from the pipe 3|; gearing for driving'the I carrier 42 (Figs. 1 and 2) comprising a longitudinal shaft 43.supported in standards 44, 45, v

' 46 which are mounted'upon a suitable stationary a motor, a pinion 49 fixed to shaft 43, a gear 50 integrally formed with carrier 42; gearingior rotating shaft 4| and cutter-head 40 on their own axis comprising a gear 52 (Fig. 4) which is fixed against rotation by a split holder 53 which is adapted to clamp the split hub 54 of gear 52 against rotation to hold gear 52 stationary, a pinion 55 fixed to one end'of cutter-head shaft 4| and meshing with pinion 52' to rotate the cutter head on its own axis when shaft 4| is operated in a circular path by carrier 42. Shaft 4| is journaled in ball-bearings 56 in the carrier. Carrier 42 is counterweighted as at 42' to balance shaft 4| and carrier 42. Carrier 42 is journaled on ball-bearings 51 and 56 which are, supported by a sleeve 58 which extends through the carrier and the split hub 54 of gear 52. Screws 59 contract the holder 53 to clamp split hub 54 against rotation in the holder and to clamp the hub against sleeve 58 to hold the latter against rotation i I Mechanism is provided (Fig.4) for continuously feeding pipe 3| longitudinally through sleeve 58 so that the cutters on, the cutter heads in their planetary travel around the pipe will cut slivers in longitudinal progression or helical succession from the pipe, during the operation of the cutters. This mechanism comprises a set of four rolls 60 arranged to grip. pipe 3|, 90

apart. Each roll has a concavely curved periphbrackets 46 and 66; a worm 61 fixed to shaft 65;

a worm gear 68 meshing with worm 61; a crossshaft 69 to which gear 68 is fixed and to the inner end of which the upper feed-roll B0 is keyed; beveled gears 10 secured tothe upper feed 'roll 60; beveled gears 1| meshing with the gears 10, respectively, for driving the rolls 60 at the sides of the pipe 3| and fixed to said rolls, respectively;

beveled gears 12 fixed to the latter rolls, respec-' tively; and beveled gears. 13 which are fixed to and drive the lower feed roll 69. Feed rolls 50 and the beveled gears between them are supported by shafts 16 which are supported by a supporting bracket 15. Each shaft 16 fits in eccentric sleeves so that the feed rolls may be slightly adjusted to bring their, peripheries into con- 80 is applied between a shoulder in sleeve 59 and said head to urge tube 18 inwardly. A slotted collet 8| is tapered to fit a correspondingly tapered or conoidal bore in the outer end of sleeve 58 and is screw-threaded to tube 78. The force of spring tends to draw the collet into the tapered bore in the sleeve and to contract it against the periphery of pipe 3|. As the feed rolls advance pipe 3|, the latter will exert sufllcient endwiseforce on the collet 8| to permit only out-- in sleeve 58 to grip the tube so as to prevent rotation and deflection by the cutters. The spring-pressed collet permits feed of the pipe with commercial tolerances.

In making the heat transfer elements, shaft 43 will be continuously driven to rotate carrier 42 around the stationary sleeve 58 and to operate shaft 4| in a circular path around the tube 3|. Pinion 55 which meshes with the stationary sun-gear 52 will simultaneously cause shaft 4| and cutter-head 49 to rotate on their own axis to impart planetary movement to the cutters on head 40, and bring the cutters successively into cutting relation with circumferentially successive portions of the periphery of pipe 3|. Feedrolls 60 will simultaneously and continuously advance the pipe 3| to cause the cutters on head 40 to pass into cutting relation with the pipe for cutting slivers in longitudinal progression or hellcal succession from the outer periphery of the pipe.

A circular series of cutters are fixedly secured in slots in cutter-head 49, the rear face of the cutter being serrated, as at 9|, to lock the cutter-blade in the head against radial movement. Each cutter produces a spine during each revolution of the cutter-head relatively to the pipe. The number of spines-raised during one rotation of the cutter-head around the pipe will be the number of cutters multiplied by the ratio of gears 52, 55. The helical pitch of the cuts will be determined by the ratio of the feed of the pipe by rollers 60 to the speed of the cutter-head.

'The number of cutters, the depth of the cuts,

the length of the cuts and the helical pitch of the cuts may be varied by changing the gear and speed ratios aforesaid.

Each cutter is of a generally rectangular shape and has a leading face 92 set at a helical angle anda cutting edge 93 on the outer end of said face. The cutting edge is inclined relatively to the outer periphery of the pipe to make a cut of gradually increasing depth in the wall and is of the length desired for the sliver. The side face 94 is parallel to the plane of rotation of the cutters. The outer end 96 is undercut to provide a sharp cutting edge 93 which is adapted to gouge 'a narrow sliver from a. longitudinally extending cut in the pipe. The cutting edge 93 is inclined to cause the portion. adjacent face 94 to initially gouge out a tapered point 32 on a sliver 30 and to continue the cutlengthwise of the tube during the further rotation of the cutter relatively to the tube. The end 95 of the leading face of the cutter is curved so that as the cut approaches its. end, the sliver will be bent outwardly and transversely or away'from the periphery of the tube and permit the blade to clear the sliver, leaving its root integrally attached to the pipe wall. This manner of cutting and bending makes it possible to gouge elongated slivers in circumferential succession from the stock in the outer periphery of the tube at high speed. The in clined cutting of the stock in'the metal of the pipe wall makes it possible to make partially overlapping cuts-to produce spines of greater length than the helical pitch of the slivers, as illustrated in Fig. 18. The helical progression of the cuts is illustrated by dotted lines in Fig. 16. The cutting lines of the cutter overlap transversely, as illustrated in Fig. 19, so as toutilize the entire I outer portion of the stock for the production of spines.

As the leading portion of the cutting edge 93 reaches the dead center between the axis of pipe 3| and the axis of-the cutter head, it'bites into the pipe surface and starts a sliver with a sharp point and as the remainder of the rotating helically inclined leading face '2 of the cutter passes the dead center the cut is continued, and extended deeper into the stock of the wall of the pipe. As the sliver is gouged out of the stock it is pushed forwardly by the leading face of the blade; As the curved end 33' of the leading face strikes the stock the angle of sheer is rapidly changed from its original small value to a full 90 and the cutting of the sliver is discontinued, leaving it attached to the wall at its root. As the angle of sheer increases the component tending to raise the spine increases so that the curved portion 35 slips around the root of the sliver, straightens the sliver to clear the cutter and bends the sliver so it will project from or extend away from the periphery of the pipe. Due to the incline of the entire cutting edge the wall of the pipe-wall left is tapered in thickness.

In carrying out the method one end of the pipe 3! from which the spines are to be raised is passed between the feed rolls 60 and is brought into position so one end will extend beyond the cutter-head. Power is then applied to the ma-- chine so that the carrier 42 will operate the cutter-head around pipe 3i which will bring the cutters successively into relation with all portions of the outer face of the pipe for cutting slivers in circumferential succession. Simultaneously with the bodily rotation of carrier 42 sun-gear 52 willrotate the cutter-head 40 at a high speed on its axis to successively bring the cutter-blades into cutting relation with the outer periphery of the tube, so that each will out a sliver during each rotation of the'cutter-head.

During these cutting operations, pipe II will be continuouslyadvanced'to feed it to the cutterblades. Initially, the cutters 90 will chip away the stock on the leading end of thepipe until the pipe is tapered and there is sufllcient stock projecting beyond the trailing end of the cutters to leave a bond on the slivers. Thereafter, as the leading end of the cutting edge 33 reaches the dead center between-the axis of cutter-head 4i! and pipe 3|, it will cut into the stock in the wall to start the cutting of the tapered point 32 of a sliver, as illustrated in Figs. 9, 10, and II. During the further rotation of the blades relatively to the pipe the central portion of cutting edge 93 will continue the cut and progressively elongate the slivers and cut them from the stock in the wall of the pipe, as illustrated in Figs. 12,

13 and 14. During this cutting thehelically inclined leading face 92 willpush the partially cut sliver forwardly. As the cutters continue to rotate the portion of the cutting edge- 93 on the curved end portion 95 of the leading face will continue the out for the sliver without severing its root from the pipe. Simultaneously the curved end portion 95 will deflect the sliver away from the outer end of the blade, as illustrated in Figs. 15, 16 and 17, permitting the blade to continue its rotation while the sliver is bent away from the periphery of the tube and out of the path of the cutter. The planetary travel of the cutter head causes the cutters to successively cut slivers immediately adjacent the preceding sliver,

entirely around the-pipe so that substantially all portions of the stock in the outer portion ofthe wall will be cut into slivers and bent away from the pipe to form spines for conducting heat from the wall of the tube. By reason of the constant advance of the pipe 3| by the feed roll 60 the slivers are cut from the wall in helical succession.

By reason of cutting the base line of the slivers at an incline to the outer periphery of the wall suflicient stock is left under one series of cuts to form portions of one or more succeedingly cut the pipes between the feed rolls and the cutters.

The complete element will have a multiplicity of spines around its entire periphery, as illustrated in Fig. 20, which shows a portion or a short section of a finished element.

This application is a continuation-in-part of the application filed by me February 5, 1938, Serial No. 188,957.

The invention exemplifies a method of raising a multiplicity of spines from awali by cutting slivers from the stock of one face portion of the wall with such rapidity as to make the production of transfer elements or the like with integral raised spines commercially.

It also exemplifies a method in which the slivers are gouged from the stock in the wall and simultaneously bent away from the wall.

It also exemplifies a method in which a series of rotatable blades are operated in rapid succession to expeditiously raise spines from ,the wall.

It also exemplifies a high-speed method of cutting spines in helical succession on a tubular wall.

The invention is not to be understood as restricted to the details set forth, since'these may be modified within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. That improvement in raising spines from the face of a wall of stock'for making a heat exchange element, which comprises forming the spines on a face of thestock by cuts in arcuate planes intersecting said face of the stock and directed transversely of the strips to enter and pass out of said face, continuing the cuts longitudinally of the strips until the length of the spine desired has been cut and leaving one end of each strip integrally Joined tothe wall, and bending a I the strips while being cut to project from said face of the wall. J

2. That improvement in raising spines from the face of a wall of stock for making a heat exchange element, which comprises forming the spines on a face of the stock by cuts in planes intersecting said face of the stock'and directed transversely of the strips to enter and pass out of said face,

continuing the cuts longitudinally of the strips until the length of the spines desired has been cut and leaving one end ofeach strip integrally joined to the wall, and bending the strips while being out to project from the face of the wall, the planes of the cuts being inclined relatively to the face of the stock, to produce points on the spines.

3. That improvement in raising spines from the face of awall of stock for making a heat exchange element, which comprises'forming the spines on a face of the stock by cuts in planes intersecting said face of the stock and directed transversely of the strips to enter and pass out of said face,

continuing the. cuts longitudinally of the strips until the length of the spine desired has been cut and leaving one end of each strip integrally joined to the wall, bending the strips while being 'cut'to'project from the face of the wall, and overlapping successive cuts longitudinally to produce spines of greater length than the spacing between the roots of the spines. I

' 4. That improvementin raising spines from the face of a wall of stockfor making a heat,ex-- change element, which comprises forming the spines on a face of the .stock by cuts in planes intersecting said face of the stockand directed transversely of the strips to enter and pass out of said face, continuing the cuts longitudinally of the strips until the length of the spine desired has been out leaving one .end of each strip integrally joined to'the wall, bending the strips while being cut to project from the face of the wall, and overlapping successive cuts transversely so that substantially all of the stock in said face will be formed into spines.

5. That improvement in raising spines from the face of alwall of stock for making a heat exchange element, which comprises forming the spines on a face of the stock by cuts in arcuate plan'es intersecting said face'of the stock and directed transversely of the strips to enter and pass out of said face, continuing the cuts longitudinally of the strips until the length of the spine desired has been cut and leaving one end of each strip integrally joined to the wall, bending the strips while being cut to project from the face of the wall, and overlapping the cuts transversely and longitudinally to form substantially all of the stock in said face into spines.

6. That improvement in raising spines on a stock having a cylindrical periphery for making a? heat transfer element which comprises successively forming spines on the peripheral face of the stock by cuts inarcuate planes intersecting said face and directed transversely of the strips to enter and pass out of said face, continuing the cuts longitudinally of the periphery until the length of the spine desired has been-cut and leaving one endof each strip integrally joined to the wall, and bending the strips while being cut to project from said face of the wall.

7. That improvement inraising spines on stock having a cylindrical periphery for making a heat transfer element which comprises successively forming spines on the peripheral face of the stock by cuts in planes intersecting said face and 'directed transversely of thestripsto enter and pass out of said face, continuing the cuts longitudinally of theperiphery until the length of the spine desired has been cut and leaving one end of each strip integrally joined to the wall, and bending the strips while being cut to project from said face of the wall, the cuts being of gradually increasing depth longitudinally to produce points .on the spines.

8. Thatimprovement in' raising spines on stock having a cylindrical periphery for making a heat transferelement which comprises successively forming spines on the; peripheral face of the stock by cuts in planes intersecting said face and directed transversely of the strips to enter and the strips while being cut to project from said face of the wall, .and overlapping successive cuts longitudinally to produce spines'of greater length than the longitudinal spacing between the roots of the spines.

9. That improvement in raising spines on stock having a cylindrical periphery for making aheat transfer element which comprises successively forming spines on the peripheral face of the stock by cuts in planes intersecting said face of ping successive cuts transversely so that substan-.

tially all of the stock in said face will be formed into spines.

10. That improvementin raising spines on stock having a cylindrical periphery for making a heat transfer element which comprises successively forming spines on the peripheral face of the stock by cuts in planes intersecting said face and directed transversely of the strips to enter and pass out of said face, continuing thecuts longitudinally of the periphery until the length of the spine desired has been cut and leaving one end of each strip integrally joined to the wall, and bendingthe strips while being cut to project from said face of the wall, overlapping successive cuts longitudinally to produce'spines of greater length than the longitudinal spacing between the roots of the spines, and overlapping successive cuts transversely so that substantially all of the stockin said face will be formed into spines.

- 11. That improvement in raising spines on stock having a cylindrical periphery for making a heat transfer element which comprises forming spines on the peripheral face of the stock by cuts in circumferential succession and in arcuate planes intersecting said faces and-directed transversely of the strips to enter and pass out of said face, continuing the cuts longitudinally of the periphery until the length of the spine desired has been cut and leaving one end of each strip integrally joined to the remaining stock,

and bending the strips while being cut to project from the periphery.

12. That improvement in raising spines on stock having a cylindrical periphery for making a heattransfer element which comprises forming spines on the peripheral face of the stock by cuts in helical succession and in planes intersecting saidface and directed transversely of 'the strips to enter and pass out of said face, continuing the cutslongitudinally of the pe-.

riphery until the length of the spine desired has been cut 'and leaving one end of each strip integrally joined to the remaining stock, and bending the strips while being cut to-project from the periphery.

13; That improvement in raising spines von stock having a cylindrical periphery for making a heat transfer element which comprises forming spines on the peripheral face ,of the stock by cuts in circumferential succession and in planes intersecting said face and directed transversely of the strips to enter and pass out of said face, continuing the cuts longitudinally of the periphery' .until the length of the spine desired has been cut and leaving one end of each strip integrally joined to the remaining stock,

overlapping the successive cuts circumferentially, and bending the strips while being cutto project from-the periphery. I

14. Thatv improvement in raising spines on stock having a cylindrical periphery for making a heat transfer element which comprises forming spines on the peripheral face of the stock by cuts in circumferential succession and in c planes intersecting said face and directed transversely of the strips to enter andpass out of said face, continuing the cuts longitudinally of the periphery until the length of the spine desired has been cut and leaving one end of each strip integrally joined to the remaining stock, overlapping the cuts longitudinally to produce spines of greater length than the longitudinal spacing between the spines, and bending the strips while being cut to project from the pe- 15 riphery.

15. That improvement in raising spineson n 5 stock having a cylindrical periphery for making a heat transfer element which comprises forming spines on the peripheral face of the stock by cuts in circumferential succession and in planes intersecting said face and directed transversely of the strips to enter and pass out of said face, continuing the cuts longitudinally of the periphery until the length of the spine desired has been cut and leaving one end of each strip integrally joined to the remaining stock, overlapping-the cuts longitudinally and circumferentially to form substantially all of the stock of the peripheral face into spines, and

bending the strips while being cut to project from the periphery. I

ANTHONY F. HOESEL. 

